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The Fountain of the Pantheon, located in the Piazza della Rotonda in Rome, is an elegant Baroque fountain designed by Giacomo Della Porta and sculpted by Filippo Barigioni. The central element of the fountain features an ancient Egyptian obelisk surmounted by a dove, symbolizing the Holy Spirit, and four dolphins. The fountain complements the grandeur of the Pantheon and serves as a charming element in the historic square.
History
The Fountain of the Pantheon, also known as Fontana del Pantheon, is a captivating Baroque fountain in the heart of Rome, in the Piazza della Rotonda, just before the iconic Pantheon. Its history spans centuries, marked by the contributions of notable architects and sculptors.
Initial Design of the Fountain of the Pantheon
The fountain was commissioned by Pope Gregory XIII in 1575 as part of an urban renewal project around the Pantheon. The initial design was entrusted to Giacomo Della Porta, a skilled Renaissance architect and sculptor. Della Porta’s original design included a simple basin with an ancient Egyptian obelisk, the Macuteo Obelisk, placed in the center. This obelisk had previously adorned the Circus of Maxentius.
Upon the death of Pope Gregory XIII in 1585, the fountain was completed and overseen by Pope Gregory XIV. In its early form, the fountain featured the obelisk rising from the basin’s center, representing a fusion of ancient Egyptian and Christian symbolism. The obelisk symbolized the triumph of Christianity over paganism.
Later History
In the early 18th century, the Fountain of the Pantheon underwent significant modifications under the patronage of Pope Clement XI. Filippo Barigioni, an accomplished Italian sculptor, executed the additions. Barigioni’s enhancements included the construction of a large marble basin adorned with four dolphin sculptures supporting the obelisk. The dolphins, the obelisk, and other elements added a layer of symbolic significance to the fountain.
The Fountain of the Pantheon is a harmonious blend of ancient and Baroque elements, reflecting the evolution of artistic styles over time. Its location in the historic Piazza della Rotonda, surrounded by the architectural marvel of the Pantheon, makes it a captivating testament to Rome’s rich cultural and artistic heritage. The fountain remains a focal point for locals and visitors, drawing admiration for its elegance and symbolic resonance.
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Interesting Facts
- Ancient Egyptian Obelisk: The Fountain of the Pantheon features an ancient Egyptian obelisk known as the Macuteo Obelisk. This obelisk is one of the thirteen obelisks brought to Rome from Egypt by various emperors, and it originally adorned the Circus of Maxentius.
- Dolphin Sculptures: The fountain’s basin is supported by four dolphin sculptures designed by Filippo Barigioni in the early 18th century. The dolphins not only serve as decorative elements but also carry symbolic significance, representing the four major rivers of the world.
- Christian Symbolism: The obelisk, rising from the fountain’s center, is topped by a dove, symbolizing the Holy Spirit. Incorporating Christian symbolism into ancient structures is a common theme in Baroque art, emphasizing the Church’s triumph over paganism.
- Renovations by Pope Clement XI: The fountain underwent significant modifications in the early 18th century under the patronage of Pope Clement XI. The renovations, carried out by Filippo Barigioni, transformed the original design, adding the elaborate basin and dolphin sculptures that contribute to the fountain’s visual appeal.
- Location Near the Pantheon: The Fountain of the Pantheon is strategically positioned in the Piazza della Rotonda, right in front of the Pantheon. This location creates a picturesque ensemble, where the elegant fountain complements the majestic ancient temple, contributing to the overall charm of the square.
- Cultural and Artistic Heritage: As part of the historic Piazza della Rotonda, the Fountain of the Pantheon is a beautiful piece of art and a testament to Rome’s rich cultural and artistic heritage. It reflects the city’s ability to integrate elements from different eras and civilizations into a cohesive and aesthetically pleasing urban landscape.
- Tourist Attraction: With its iconic location and artistic significance, the fountain is a popular attraction for tourists exploring Rome. Visitors often appreciate the combination of ancient and Baroque elements, making it a memorable stop in the city’s historic center.
- Connection to Pantheon Renovations: The commissioning of the fountain was part of a broader project to enhance the area around the Pantheon. The renovations aimed to create a more aesthetically pleasing and harmonious urban space, integrating the fountain with the majestic Pantheon architecture.
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Things to Know about The Fountain of The Pantheon
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What does the obelisk in the fountain of the Pantheon mean?
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